Global progress in tobacco control has stalled. The WHO projects 1.27 billion smokers by 2025, causing over 8 million deaths annually. This report focuses on Malaysia and Uzbekistan, where smoking contributes to major health issues. In Uzbekistan, smoking prevalence is expected to decrease slightly, but tobacco-related diseases like heart disease and cancer will continue to rise. THR products like e-cigarettes and heated tobacco could help reduce these deaths, but they’re not widely accepted yet. Evidence shows THR is more effective than nicotine replacement therapies. By embracing THR, better cessation services, and improved cancer treatment, these countries could save over 880,000 lives by 2060.